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作者：雷霆之怒公益服 来源：http://www.edmi.com.cn 时间：2021-01-12 18:37

最近的几份估算研究显示，要想扭转全球生态损失的曲线，雷霆之怒私服页游，每年的花费将达到1030亿至8950亿美元。

Finance is a key issue for the new nature deal. Even though financial resources and official development assistance for biodiversity had roughly doubled to reach around $80-90 billion per year by 2020, the Aichi targets still failed.

Ahead of COP15, governments should estimate the finance gap for protecting and restoring nature in their own country, and develop a road-map to fill it, she said.
Despite differing methodologies, the CBD expert panel noted that these estimates all reach the same conclusion: investment must increase substantially from current levels.

保护生物多样性及生态系统的成本惊人，但是专家们清楚，如果听任破坏继续，花费就会更多。

This will rely heavily on government action, with reform of harmful subsidies the single biggest opportunity, it said.

专家小组指出，1030亿至1780亿美元的较低资金估值是只考虑扩大保护区面积的情况下，按照目前每公顷保护区的预算支出计算得出的所需投资。

资金对达成这项新的公约至关重要。到2020年生物多样性改善相关的财政投入和官方发展援助已经翻了一番，基本上达到了每年约800亿至900亿美元。尽管如此，还是没能实现“爱知目标”。

绿色和平东亚分部全球政策顾问李硕（音译）称，到目前为止，谈判各方尚未就生态保护资金问题进行讨论。达成“爱知目标”的讨论就是前车之鉴——尽管“爱知目标”是在2010年达成的，但直到2012年各方还未就国际公共财政支持规模达成一致。在2014年的进一步会谈中，虽然达成的公共资金规模翻了一番，但对2020年的截止日期来说已经太晚了。

她说，在昆明大会召开之前，各国政府应对保护和恢复本国自然资源面临的资金缺口进行估算，并制定出填补这一缺口的路线图。

Andrew Deutz, director of global policy, institutions and conservation finance at environmental organisation The Nature Conservancy (TNC), believes that up to half the funding gap for nature could be closed without new money.
如何填补资金空白

Photo by Jeremy Bishop from Pexels

Somewhere between $103 billion and $895 billion a year – that is how much funding will be needed to “bend the curve” on global nature loss, according to several recent estimates.
Not only was this funding nowhere near the scale needed, but it was also swamped by subsidies for activities that harmed biodiversity, such as the production of commodities linked to forest destruction, estimated at around $500 billion a year, according to the CBD’s Global Biodiversity Outlook 5 report.

《生物多样性公约》专家小组指出，虽然估算方式不同，但重点在于它们都得出了相同的结论，那就是必须在现有基础上大幅提升生态保护资金支持力度。

大自然保护协会首席执行官詹妮弗·莫里斯在发布这份报告的网络研讨会上表示，这些解决方案都不新奇，新的是“非常明确地得出了上述所有方法一个都不能少的这样一个结论”。

大自然保护协会、保尔森研究所以及康奈尔大学阿特金森可持续发展中心的多位学者本月发布了一份缩小自然资金缺口的决策者蓝图文件。该文件预计的资金缺口大约在5980亿美元至8240亿美元之间。

However, so far, finance has not been discussed at all by negotiators, according to Li Shuo, senior global policy adviser for Greenpeace East Asia. Discussions leading up to the agreement of the Aichi goals set a precedent for this – though the goals were set in 2010, the level of public international finance was not agreed until 2012. A further meeting in 2014 saw this level doubled, but that was too late considering the deadline of 2020, he said.
正在讨论的新目标拟将陆地和海洋保护面积从17%提升到至少30%。这些目标将取代2010年达成的“爱知目标”。《生物多样性公约》前不久确定“爱知目标”大部分未能实现。

而6310亿至8950亿美元的较高资金估值则考虑了农、林、渔等产业活动的可持续发展，城市和沿海生物多样性保护，入侵物种管理，城市水质保护等减缓现有生态多样性损失措施的成本。

Campaigners and academics have been striving to convince governments and the private sector that the current loss of nature – dubbed by scientists the “sixth mass extinction” – poses a threat not just to species and ecosystems, but also to economies.
李硕说：“无论发布多少财务报告，如果我们没有在正式谈判中讨论这个问题，那么这些报告就都是没用的。”他补充说：“如果他们不能在昆明会议上就资金支持一次性达成一致，那么协议的公信力就将受到极大挑战。”

他说：“我们最需要的是更好地调配现有资金，以及更明智的政策和投资选择。”

The lower funding range, of $103-178 billion, is based only on investments in expanding protected areas, the panel noted.
“Regardless of how many reports on finance are produced, they will not be useful if we don’t actually talk about it in official negotiations,” Li said. “If they don’t agree the whole finance package in one go in Kunming, then the credibility of the deal will be significantly challenged,” he added.

The panel also stressed that continuing on current trajectories of nature destruction will lead to significant global economic costs. It pointed to an analysis by campaign group WWF that estimates the loss of “services” provided by nature, such as crop pollination and clean water supply, at nearly $500 billion a year. Investing to protect nature would save money in the longer term by reducing the amount needed to tackle problems caused by losing these services, it said.

The efficiency of resource use must be improved, through sound governance and planning, and effective monitoring and review of results.

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